Medical students’ pattern of self-directed learning prior to and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic period and its implications for Free Open Access Meducation within the United Kingdom / 보건의료교육평가

Purpose@#Self-directed learning (SDL) has been increasingly emphasized within medical education. However, little is known about the SDL resources medical students use. This study aimed to identify patterns in medical students’ SDL behaviors, their SDL resource choices, factors motivating these choices, and the potential impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on these variables. @*Methods@#An online cross-sectional survey comprising multiple-choice, ranked, and free-text response questions were disseminated to medical students across all 41 UK medical schools between April and July 2020. Independent study hours and sources of study materials prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared. Motivational factors guiding resource choices and awareness of Free Open Access Meducation were also investigated. @*Results@#The target sample was 75 students per medical school across a total of 41 medical schools within the United Kingdom (3,075 total students), and 1,564 responses were analyzed. University-provided information comprised the most commonly used component of independent study time, but a minority of total independent study time. Independent study time increased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (P<0.001). All sub-cohorts except males reported a significant increase in the use of resources such as free websites and question banks (P<0.05) and paid websites (P<0.05) as a result of the pandemic. Accessibility was the most influential factor guiding resource choice (Friedman’s μrank=3.97, P<0.001). @*Conclusion@#The use of learning resources independent of university provision is increasing. Educators must ensure equitable access to such materials while supporting students in making informed choices regarding their independent study behaviors.

Medical students’ pattern of self-directed learning prior to and during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic period and its implications for Free Open Access Meducation within the United Kingdom / 보건의료교육평가

Purpose@#Self-directed learning (SDL) has been increasingly emphasized within medical education. However, little is known about the SDL resources medical students use. This study aimed to identify patterns in medical students’ SDL behaviors, their SDL resource choices, factors motivating these choices, and the potential impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on these variables. @*Methods@#An online cross-sectional survey comprising multiple-choice, ranked, and free-text response questions were disseminated to medical students across all 41 UK medical schools between April and July 2020. Independent study hours and sources of study materials prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic were compared. Motivational factors guiding resource choices and awareness of Free Open Access Meducation were also investigated. @*Results@#The target sample was 75 students per medical school across a total of 41 medical schools within the United Kingdom (3,075 total students), and 1,564 responses were analyzed. University-provided information comprised the most commonly used component of independent study time, but a minority of total independent study time. Independent study time increased as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic (P<0.001). All sub-cohorts except males reported a significant increase in the use of resources such as free websites and question banks (P<0.05) and paid websites (P<0.05) as a result of the pandemic. Accessibility was the most influential factor guiding resource choice (Friedman’s μrank=3.97, P<0.001). @*Conclusion@#The use of learning resources independent of university provision is increasing. Educators must ensure equitable access to such materials while supporting students in making informed choices regarding their independent study behaviors.

Aedes aegypti in south Vietnam: ecology, genetic structure, vectorial competence and resistance to insecticides.

In Vietnam, dengue hemorrhagic fever has been detected since the 1950s. In Southeast Asia, urban centers expanded rapidly in an uncontrolled and unplanned way. The Aedes aegypti populations and dengue viruses thrived in these new ecological and demographic settings. The result of these changes was a greatly extended geographic distribution, increased densities of Ae. aegypti and the maintenance of the four dengue serotypes leading to a dramatic increase in dengue transmission. To assess the role of the vector in the changing pattern of the disease in Southeast Asia, we studied the ecology of Ae. aegypti, genetic differentiation, variability in competence as a vector for dengue 2 virus, and resistance to insecticides.

Preliminary study on antimitotic effects of some medicinal plants utilized for treatment of cancer according to the people's experiments

In Vietnam, some medicinal plants have been administrated for cancer treatment. But those medicinal plants have only been used based on experiences and their actual anticancer efficacy have not been proven yet. For that reason, studying to prove anticancer efficacy of those plants is very necessary. In 16 selected medicinal plants had been researched, there were 14 medicinal plants having effect on anti cellular division rate on schizogenous tissue of raphanus sativus L. higher than 50%. They were agave americana L., acanthopanax aculeatus seem, angelica decursiva (Miq) Fr.et Sav., spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr., garcinia cambodgiensis vesque, gleditsia australis hemsl, hippeastrum equestre (Ait.) herb., grium sp. (X2, X3, X4), amarathus tricolor L. and allium sativum L..

Overview of the antineoplasic agents having vegetal origin

Nature has been a source of medical treatments for thousands of years, and plant based systems continue to play an essential role in the primary health care of 80% of the world’ population. Nature has provided many of the effective anticancer agents in current use, such as the microbial derived drugs, dactinomycin, bleomycin, and doxorubicin, and the plant derived drugs vinblastine, irinotecan, topotecan, etoposide and paclitaxel. The search for novel anti-cancer from nature source continues with botanists, marine biologists and microbiologist team-ing up with chemists, pharmacologist, toxicologists and clinicans in the investigation of coral reefs, rain forests, and deep subsurface thermal vents for novel bioactive compounds. The wealth of anticancer drugs of nature origin and critical aspects of the ongoing discovery and development process are discussed.

Study on the lesion inside and outside of region of gastric cancer

A study on 50 patients with dissected gastric cancer in the E hospital has shown that the male-female ratio was 3/2. The gastric cancer rate was increased with age. The cancer in the 1/3 of lower stomach (4-%), mainly in the small curve (36%); size of tumor: 3-6 cm (36%), 6 cm (44%), early detected cancer (8%), late detected cancer (92%), chronic gastritis and atrophy (92%); intestinal heteroplasia and dysplasia (60%). The heteroplasia and dysplasia occurred more frequently in the gastric epithelioma then undifferentied gastric cancer.